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Farmland Values and Returns by State Through Time

This utility provides a quick and convenient means to visually compare aggregate state level farmland and cropland information with returns and levels based on USDA data.
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Farmland and Cropland Index and Return Utility

This utility allows a user to estimate the current value of farmland based on an earlier valuation, or estimate a prior date valuation based on current values.
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Latest farmdoc Daily Articles

Grains and Oilseeds: Part 3 – Rest-of-the-World

Since 1980, the world excluding China, South America, and US (hereafter, ROW) has produced fewer grains and oilseeds than it has consumed.  Its production deficit has grown when measured in…

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Machinery Cost Estimates for 2025

Machinery cost estimates for 2025 have been released and are available in the Management section on the farmdoc website. Machinery costs are updated every two years, with the last update occurring in 2023. As is usual, estimated machinery costs have increased, with most increases in the 1% to 14% range. The increases from 2023 to 2025 are less than the increases estimated between 2021 and 2023, when many costs increased by as much as 30%.

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Factors Impacting Farm Growth

A recent survey pertaining to farm goals finds that only about 50% of the sample of farms are expected to grow in the next 5 years. Of the remaining 50%, 40% expect to remain the same size and 10% expect to reduce the size of their farm. Farms that had a goal to reduce debt over time expected to grow at a slower pace than other farms. Farm growth was positively related to producer sentiment, adding a family member to the operation, a strong balance sheet, and the adoption of new practices.

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The Reconciliation Farm Bill: Top Five Most Problematic Changes to Farm Policy, #2

The number two position in the top five most problematic changes to farm policy belongs to the third and final entry for crop insurance. That fact alone raises concerns and the most concerning change to crop insurance in the Reconciliation Farm Bill are the increased coverage levels and premium subsidies for the Supplemental Coverage Option (SCO) crop insurance policies. CBO projected an additional $1.4 billion in spending for these changes.

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Grains and Oilseeds: Part 2 – United States

Since 1980, US exports of grains and oilseeds have grown, but at a slower rate than US domestic consumption, resulting in a declining relative role of exports in the US grain-oilseed sector. The decline reflects many factors, including higher per capita income, which has increased consumption of animal protein, and the longstanding US goal of energy self-sufficiency. It is also consistent with US domestic demand being a more certain demand expansion path than exports.

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Comparing Returns to Owned vs Cash Rented Farmland

Recent projections for the 2026 crop year suggest a fourth consecutive year of negative farmer returns to corn-soybean rotations in Illinois on cash rented farmland. The current return for owned and cash rented farmland is the same. Farmland ownership has also provided capital returns through increased farmland values. Low farmer returns from cash rent farmland relative to land prices make it difficult for farmers to use rented farmland to build capital to support a farmland purchase.

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