Circumventing the Federal Budget Process: Crop Insurance Premium Subsidies
Over the last two years, Federal crop insurance premium subsidies have been raised far more by procedures outside the Farm Bill than inside the Farm Bill. Two USDA administrative actions raised the premium subsidy rate for ECO insurance to 80%. They conservatively are estimated to raise Federal premium subsidies by $13.2 billion over 10 FYs. This case study illustrates how the Federal budget process can be circumvented, calling into question its fiscal integrity and usefulness.
Monetizing Crop Risk into Crop Payments
US federally subsidized crop insurance has monetized field crop production risk into a multi-billion dollar income flow to farmers. Monetized value has grown with higher market value of production, higher premium subsidies, higher coverage levels, and, recently, higher use of area add-up insurance. Monetization will continue as the 2025 Farm Bill has raised premium subsidies for nearly all insurance products including an 80% subsidy for 95% coverage ECO area add-up insurance.
2025 Crop Insurance Harvest Prices for Corn and Soybeans
The harvest price discovery period for Federal crop insurance for corn and soybeans in the Midwest concluded on October 31st, 2025. Harvest prices are $4.22 per bushel for corn and $10.35 per bushel for soybeans. Both are below their projected prices. The corn harvest price is 10.2% lower; the soybean harvest price is 1.8% lower.

The farmdoc Crop Insurance section offers iFARM online tools including the Premium Calculator, Payment Evaluator and Price Distribution Tool. These tools are updated annually during the Spring crop insurance election period.














